PFAS research and development expenditure in the U.S. 2019-2022, by federal agency
The Department of Defense was the United States' (U.S.) federal agency with the highest PFAS research and development (R&D) expenditures in 2021, with 48.12 million U.S. dollars. These expenditures were estimated to have risen further to 96.57 million U.S. dollars in 2022. The National Institutes of Health accounted for the second-largest R&D spending of PFAS, having allocated significant resources showing continued investment in PFAS research by multiple governmental agencies.